What is HPV?
Genital papillomavirus infection is a sexually transmitted infection (IPP).The causative agent of papillomavirus infection is human papilloma viruses (HPV).Human papilloma viruses are a group of viruses, which includes about 100 different species.More than 30 types of HPV are sexually transmitted, the genitals and the anus of women and men become infected.
Most infected people do not know about their disease, do not have clinical manifestations and, moreover, can heal spontaneously.
Some of these viruses are called "high carcinogenic risk viruses", they can cause precancerous genital lesions.Recent studies have confirmed the main role of HPV in the development of cervical cancer.High risk of HPV also plays a role in the emergence of vulva, vagina in women and penis cancer in men.High-risk viruses include 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 68, 69 types of HPV types are responsible for 95-98% of cervical cancer cases.They cause an increase in abnormal cells, which is usually flat and almost invisible during ordinary examination compared to benign warts, which are caused by low -risk viruses - 6, 11 species.Anogenital benign warts appear 2 to 6 months after infection.In developing precancerous or cancerous changes associated with HPV high risk transport, years have been leaving for years and often a spontaneous cure for HPV.
The infection is more common at the age of 15 to 40 and affects the same women and men.From 50 years of life, about 80 percent of women will gain HPV infection.
About 50-75% of active sexual people are infected with HPV during their lifetime, and in most cases the infection does not cause a disease and heals spontaneously.
Approximately 90% of people infected with HIV also have HPV infection.
How is HPV transmitted
The infection of human papillomas is transmitted through sexual intercourse.Most infected do not have apparent manifestations of the disease and therefore HPV carriers do not know about their infection and can infect their sexual partners.Sometimes an infected mother can infect a newborn during childbirth.This can lead to the so -called newborn larynx papillomatosis.
Manifestations of infection
Most infected people do not know about it.HPV often does not cause any manifestation in the skin and mucosa.Some people develop sexual warts or precancerous changes occur in the cervix, vulva, anal region or penis.Very rarely, these changes go directly to cancer.From the infection to the development of severe dysplasia, on average, 20 years pass.Most women heal spontaneously for 9 to 15 months from the moment of infection.The main manifestation of papillomavirus infection are sexual warts or pronounced air conditioning (VPV 6 and 11 are caused) - soft top formations in a short thin foot, resembling color cabbage or a green ridge with a different location (penis head, penis, vagina, neck.Sharp air conditioners appear 2 to 6 months after infection.Apparent air conditioners are detected during examination.
Diagnosis of infection
Condyl diagnostics is performed on the basis of inspection.Diagnosing high risk of HPV camphogen and related changes, a more difficult task.Diagnosis of cervical cervical diseases based on many people was based on a cytological analysis of staining (studying a stain under a microscope).However, it has a number of considerable obstacles - complexity, low sensitivity and high frequency of unclear results.The US Committee FDA (Committee on Medications and Food) approved the study of HPV by the polymerase chain reaction method - PCR, which can determine 13 types of high risk of HPV.PCR for HPV has high sensitivity, easy to execute.Common use of cytological studies and PCR tests can significantly increase the effectiveness of the diagnosis, sensitivity increases to 99 - 100%.It is important that the identification of the high risk of HPV occurs long before the appearance of precancerous changes in the mucous membranes.
Recommended PCR research on high risk HPV:
- - as the main method, in addition to cytology for women over 30 years.
- - to solve dubious results of cytological research.
- - Patients undergoing treatment for dysplasia or cancer.
- - In the first phase of diagnosis for countries where papillomavirus infection programs are poorly organized.
- - for the examination of men.
Is it possible to cure this disease?
Diagnosis and treatment of IST should be performed under the conditions of a specialized clinic - a CVD, which has all the tools needed for quick and accurate diagnosis.
There is no specific drug against HPV today.There are many methods of removal of the condyle, but the disease can return again, as the virus remains in the human body.Relapses are possible in 25% of cases for 3 months after treatment.In the treatment of condyle, an examination of sexual partners is needed.However, most sexual partners are infected with HPV and simply do not have noticeable manifestations of the disease.
Treatment of precancerous diseases is the use of chemical, physical and other methods in order to change the structure of the affected mucosal areas as well as the use of immunity stimulating medicines.In the future, an annual cytological study and HPV determination is needed by PCR.
What is the link between HPV and cervical cancer?
Only facts:
- High -risk papillomas viruses are the leading cause of cervical cancer.
- In cases of severe dysplasia and cervical cancer, HPV is detected in almost 100% of cases.
- The identification of HPV is associated with a 250-fold increase at the risk of severe dysplasia.
- Cervical cancer takes the first place among the causes of female mortality in developing countries.
- Cervical cancer ranks 2nd after breast cancer among women in the world-250,000 deaths a year.
- In Russia, every year 12,300 women receive cervical cancer and more than 6,000 patients die each year.
- Over the past 10 years, the average age of the patients has decreased from 58 to 55 years.
- In women under 29, the incidence has increased 2 times.
- High risk of HPV is caused by cervical cancer in 100% of cases, anus cancer is 90%, vaginal cancer and vulva - 40%, penis cancer - 40% and oropharying cancer in 12% of cases.
- The American Cancer Society was foreseen for 2004, which in approximately 10,520 women will develop aggressive cervical cancer and approximately 3,900 women will die from the disease.Most women with aggressive cervical cancer did not go through the right examination for HPV infection.
Prevention of infection
The safest way to prevent HPV sexual infection is to refrain from any sexual contact with another individual.
Long -term sexual intercourse with a permanent sexual partner does not provide a 100% guarantee from HPV infection.It is difficult to determine without special tests if a sexual partner is currently infected.
Masculine condoms from latex, with proper use, reduce the risk of infection.
Anydo manifestation, such as pain or unpleasant sensations when urinating, an unusual rash, discharge is a signal for stopping sexual contact and an immediate examination at a specialized clinic.If the patient is found by the STI, he should inform his sexual partners so that they also suffer a thorough examination and proper treatment.This will reduce the risk of serious complications and prevent the new opportunity -infection.